Swarm intelligence encompasses a class of bio-inspired optimisation techniques that emulate the collective behaviour of decentralised, self-organising systems such as bird flocks or insect colonies.

Swarm intelligence draws inspiration from collective behaviours observed in biological groups—such as flocks of birds or colonies of insects—and applies decentralised control principles to coordinate ...

Researchers have suggested to use a hybrid version of the so-called salp swarm algorithm (SSA) algorithm for maximum power point tracking in PV systems operating under highly fluctuating environmental ...